It relates to the sequence of events together with the utilization of KM Panikkar, the Indian Ambassador inwards China, during the weeks after the invasion of Tibet. Claude Arpi, belongings the Field Marshal KM Cariappa Chair of Excellence from the United Service Institution of Republic of Republic of India (USI), for his inquiry on the Indian Presence inwards Tibet 1947-1962 (in iv volumes), has extensively worked inwards the National Archives of Republic of Republic of India together with good the Nehru Library (on the Nehru Papers) on the history of Tibet, the Indian frontiers together with especially the Indian Frontier Administrative Service. The Last Months of a Free Nation — Republic of Republic of India Tibet Relations (1947-1962) is the outset book of the series, using never-accessed-before Indian archival material. Though Tibet’s organisation of governance had serious lacunas, the Land of Snows was a complimentary together with independent acre till Oct 1950, when Mao decided to “liberate”it. But “liberate” from what, was the query on many diplomats' together with politicians' lips inwards India; they realised that it would presently hold upwardly a tragedy for Republic of Republic of India too; Delhi would pick out to alive amongst a novel neighbor, whose ideology was the contrary of Tibet’s Buddhist values; the edge would non hold upwardly rubber anymore. The narrative starts presently after Independence together with ends amongst the signing, nether duress, of the 17-Point Agreement inwards Beijing inwards May 1951, whose outset article says: “The Tibetan people shall unite together with elbow grease out imperialist aggressive forces from Tibet; the Tibetan people shall homecoming to the big household unit of measurement of the Motherland-the People’s Republic of China.” Tibet had lost its Independence …and India, a gentle neighbour.
Reproduced below are extracts from a chapter The View from the South Block.
It relates to the sequence of events together with the utilization of KM Panikkar, the Indian Ambassador inwards China, during the weeks after the invasion of Tibet.
It is ordinarily assumed that Sardar Patel, the Deputy Prime Minister wrote his “prophetic” missive of the alphabet to Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister, detailing the grave implications for Republic of Republic of India of Tibet’s invasion. In fact, he used a draft sent to him yesteryear Sir Girja Shankar Bajpai, the Secretary General of the Ministry of External Affairs together with Commonwealth.
On Nov 7, 1950, simply a calendar month after the entry of the People’s Liberation Army inwards Tibet, Patel sent Bajpai’s depository fiscal establishment annotation to Nehru nether his ain signature Bajpai, the top-most Indian diplomat, was deeply upset yesteryear the plow of events; he also shared his depository fiscal establishment annotation amongst President Rajendra Prasad, C. Rajagopalachari together with others. Nehru ignored Patel’s missive of the alphabet together with the views of his colleagues.
Bajpai, deeply upset yesteryear the plow of events, had also sent his depository fiscal establishment annotation to President Rajendra Prasad together with C Raja-gopalachari.
Girja Shankar Bajpai’s Note of Oct 31
Bajpai outset noted that on July 15, 1950, the Governor of Assam had informed Delhi that, according to data received yesteryear the local Intelligence Bureau, Chinese troops, “in unknown strength, had been moving towards Tibet from 3 directions, namely the north, north-east together with south-east.” The same day, the Indian Embassy inwards mainland People's Republic of China reported that rumours inwards Beijing had been widely “prevalent during the in conclusion 2 days that armed services activeness against Tibet has already begun.” Though Panikkar was unable to instruct whatever confirmation, he virtually justified Beijing’s armed services activeness yesteryear writing: “in sentiment of frustration inwards regard to Formosa, Tibetan motility was non unlikely.” H5N1 few days later], Bajpai remarked that the Ambassador [Panikkar] had answered [Delhi] that he did non reckon the fourth dimension suitable for making a representation to the Chinese Foreign Office. Bajpai is to a greater extent than together with to a greater extent than frustrated amongst Panikkar's give upwardly to Chinese interests together with perhaps also yesteryear the back upwardly that the ambassador gets from the Prime Minister. The Secretary General is clearly inwards a hard position. Already on July 20, Panikkar’s attending had been drawn yesteryear South Block to the fact that Beijing’s declaration that the “Tibetans had been stalling the talks,” was wrong. Panikkar had been informed yesteryear Delhi that the Tibetan Delegation should non hold upwardly blamed for something they are non responsible for…
Panikkar brings inwards philosophical issues
India [Panikkar] attempted to modify the Communist regime’s determination to “liberate” Tibet, yesteryear bringing a philosophical angle to the issue: “In the acquaint unsafe basis situation, a armed services motility tin flaming only convey a basis nearer [to a conflict], together with whatever Government making such a motility incurs the guide a opportunity of accelerating the drift towards that catastrophe.”
Mao was non inwards the to the lowest degree bothered nigh such niceties.
Another Aide-Memoire
Delhi i time to a greater extent than repeats its “philosophical” position: it would hold upwardly bad for Beijing to invade Tibet: “The Government of Republic of Republic of India would want to shout out for out that a armed services activeness at the acquaint fourth dimension against Tibet volition give those countries inwards the basis which are unfriendly to mainland People's Republic of China a handgrip for anti-Chinese propaganda at a crucial together with frail juncture inwards inter-national affairs.” Delhi is convinced that “the seat of mainland People's Republic of China volition hold upwardly weakened” yesteryear a (Chinese) armed services solution.
The Chinese plans are clear
The objective of Mao together with the Southwestern Bureau inwards Chengdu is to occupy Chamdo, it is so clear that the PLA is preparing to instruct into “Tibet proper”. …The objective remains the autumn of Chamdo earlier the winter, ambassador or no ambassador, negotiation or no negotiations.
As Tibet is invaded, Sir Girja’s narrative continues:
On Oct 17, the Indian Ambassador receives the total details of the Chinese invasion of Tibet. South Block confirms that Tibet has been invaded, it was “brought to our notice at the asking of the Tibetan Government inwards a message sent through our Mission inwards Lhasa,” says a cable from Delhi. The side yesteryear side day, Panikkar continues to debate against the invasion having happened; he says that out of the incidents to which Lhasa has drawn Delhi’s attention, only i appears to hold upwardly new.
Bajpai to a greater extent than upset
Sir Girja Bajai is farther upset when Panikkar argues: “Further I should similar to emphasise that the Chinese firmly get that Tibet is purely an internal occupation together with that piece they are prepared inwards deference to our wishes to settle query peacefully they are NOT prepared to postpone matters indefinitely.”
This is written yesteryear the Ambassador of India.
[On Oct 22], Nehru cables the Ambassador inwards Beijing: “I confess I am completely unable to empathise urgency behind Chinese want to ‘liberate’ when delay CANNOT perchance modify province of affairs to her disadvantage.”
Finally on Oct 24, the Ambassador presents an aide-memoire to the Chinese Foreign Office. Bajpai notes “The contrast betwixt the tone together with content of the instructions sent to the Ambassador, together with his feeble together with apologetic ‘note’ deserves notice.” This raises a question, how could the ambassador acquaint an aide-memoire without its content beingness vetted yesteryear South Block? It is a mystery.
Bajpai could only conclude that “from the foregoing narrative which I pick out been at about pains to document, that e'er since the midpoint of July, at least, Peking’s objective has been to settle the occupation of its relations yesteryear force.” From Mao’s cables, [one tin flaming run into that] the invasion (or “liberation” for the Chinese side) did non at all depend on “negotiations” or “talks” amongst Tibetans. The regular army activeness had been decided since months.
Though Bajpai says that he is non interested to divulge “scapegoats”, he finally blames his ambassador to China: “The search for scapegoats is neither pleasant nor fruitful, together with I pick out no want to indulge inwards whatever such pastime. …however, I experience it my duty to detect that, inwards treatment the Tibetan number amongst the Chinese Government, our Ambassador has allowed himself to hold upwardly influenced to a greater extent than yesteryear the Chinese shout out for of view, yesteryear Chinese claims, yesteryear Chinese maps together with yesteryear regard for Chinese susceptibilities than yesteryear his instructions or yesteryear India’s interests.” This is a strong, though belatedly indictment of Panikkar.
Patel replies to Bajpai
…When on Oct 31, Sardar Patel wrote dorsum to Bajpai: “The Chinese advance into Tibet upsets all our safety calculations. …I alone get amongst you lot that a reconsideration of our armed services seat together with a redisposition of our forces are inescapable.” H5N1 few days later, Bajpai would write a depository fiscal establishment annotation for Patel who sent it to Nehru, who did non fifty-fifty admit it… Patel passed away v weeks later.
The residue is history.
Buat lebih berguna, kongsi:
