by Christopher Paul, Colin P. Clarke, Bonnie L. Triezenberg, David Manheim, Bradley Wilson
Research Questions
How should DoD conceptualize C2 too situational awareness of the IE? How should geographic combatant commands organize to keep C2 too situational awareness of the IE?
The data surround (IE) is non a physical house too has non however been defined equally a warfighting domain inwards U.S. of A. of America armed forces doctrine. Targets of operations inwards too through the IE include human perceptions or behaviors: Weapons are ideas, too defenses are norms, beliefs, too traditions.
Adding to the complexity of achieving command too command (C2) too situational awareness of the IE is the fact that the U.S. of A. of America Department of Defense (DoD) has non effectively integrated the IE into operational planning, doctrine, or processes, instead considering traditional land, air, too body of body of water operations separately from operations inwards the data space. However, every armed forces activeness has inherent informational aspects, too adversaries are increasingly using propaganda, misinformation, too other agency to influence populace perceptions, alliances, too decisions.
Drawing on a review of doctrine too processes, the history of data operations too information-related capabilities, too interviews amongst subject-matter experts too stakeholders, this study presents a three-tiered vision for the role of data inwards U.S. of A. of America armed forces operations. It also identifies requirements for achieving effective C2 too situational awareness of the IE too presents a detailed analysis of vii ways to organize for this objective. Ultimately, addressing the gaps too shortfalls identified inwards this study volition require a much stronger agreement of the IE, associated concepts too capabilities, too roles too responsibilities across the articulation force.
Key Findings
The IE is oftentimes an afterthought too non given meaning attending for the purposes of C2, situational awareness, too tidings collection
Information too information-related capabilities play a critical role across the amount spectrum of armed forces operations.
When the IE is considered inwards armed forces planning, it is inwards the context of campaigns to influence noncombatant populations rather than operations targeting adversaries too adversary leaders.
There are major shortfalls inwards how IE activities are visualized too communicated to commanders too the extent to which the IE is considered inwards operational planning too organization.
There are opportunities to improve C2 too situational awareness too house a greater emphasis on the IE
Existing doctrine too processes could easily adapt a greater focus on the IE.
Current usage for C2 too situational awareness has resulted inwards meaning seams when it comes to the IE — areas that either overlap amongst or neglect to comprehend the roles too responsibilities of those tasked amongst these operations.
Situational awareness solutions for the IE are non one-size-fits-all. Different commands induce got dissimilar mission priorities too operating contexts.
Situational awareness is dependent plain to human limitations too data overload. Possible solutions include automated processes too machine learning.
Recommendations
DoD should brand changes to doctrine, processes, didactics too training, too tactics, techniques, too procedures to emphasize the importance of the IE too its role inwards armed forces operations too to address seams inwards roles too responsibilities.
DoD should e'er regard the IE too behavior-related objectives inwards decisions most articulation forcefulness staffing too operations, making changes to doctrine too processes equally needed.
When geographic combatant commands staff too organize for C2 of the IE, they should take away approaches that align amongst the priorities of their specific theater.
DoD too commands should select innovative, customizable tools to improve how the IE is visualized, making it easier to position progress too produce upward one's hear how activities back upward or are supported past times other types of armed forces operations.
The DoD tidings apparatus too the supporting tidings community should refocus existing capabilities too develop novel ones to improve uncovering the IE, amongst a especial emphasis on the proclivities, intentions, too decisionmaking processes of adversaries too other relevant actors.
Future interrogation should refine requirements for C2 too situational awareness inwards lite of emerging concepts too should capture a wider attain of scenarios, echelons, too requirements for tidings back upward for operations inwards too through the IE.
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