by Todd C. Helmus, Elizabeth Bodine-Baron, Andrew Radin, Madeline Magnuson, Joshua Mendelsohn, William Marcellino, Andriy Bega, Zev Winkelman
A RAND Corporation study examined Russian-language content on social media as well as the broader propaganda threat posed to the portion of onetime Soviet states that include Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, and, to a lesser extent, Moldova as well as Belarus. In add-on to employing a state-funded multilingual tv network, operating diverse Kremlin-supporting tidings websites, as well as working through several constellations of Russia-backed "civil society" organizations, Russian Federation employs a sophisticated social media motility that includes tidings tweets, nonattributed comments on spider web pages, troll as well as bot social media accounts, as well as mistaken hashtag as well as Twitter campaigns. Nowhere is this threat to a greater extent than tangible than inward Ukraine, which has been an active propaganda battleground since the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. Other countries inward the portion await at Russia's actions as well as annexation of Crimea as well as recognize the quest to pay careful attending to Russia's propaganda campaign.
To bear this study, RAND researchers employed a mixed-methods approach that used careful quantitative analysis of social media information to sympathise the compass of Russian social media campaigns combined alongside interviews alongside regional experts as well as U.S. as well as North Atlantic Treaty Organization safety experts to sympathise the critical ingredients to countering this campaign.
Key Findings
Russia's goals inward its close abroad differ from those for farther-flung states
In the Baltics, Ukraine, as well as other nearby states, the Kremlin aims to drive wedges betwixt ethnic Russian or Russian-speaking populations as well as their host governments, NATO, as well as the European Union
Farther abroad, the Kremlin attempts to accomplish policy paralysis past times sowing confusion, stoking fears, as well as eroding trust inward Western as well as democratic institutions.
Specific communities spread as well as hash out propaganda
RAND identified a Russian activist community on Twitter that consists of some 41,000 users who both eat as well as disseminate anti-Ukraine, pro-Russia propaganda.
An opposing Ukrainian activist Twitter community likewise exists as well as consists of almost 39,000 users spreading pro-Ukraine, anti-Russia content.
Broader challenges touching on counterpropaganda efforts inward the region
The high presence of Russian-language populations inward the portion who descend from Soviet-era migrants as well as whose host countries convey refused them citizenship gives Russian Federation a sympathetic audience.
Government policies prioritizing national languages convey express authorities outreach via the Russian language.
Russian broadcast media dominate inward the region. Ukraine, however, has censored Russian authorities broadcasting as well as a pop Russian social media platform.
Social media activists, websites, tidings sources, as well as others actively disseminate their ain pro-Russia propaganda content without obvious straight back upwards from the Russian state.
The panoply of European Union, U.S., as well as North Atlantic Treaty Organization actors engaged inward counterpropaganda efforts challenges coordination as well as synchronization.
Heavy-handed anti-Russia messaging could backfire inward the region, given local skepticism of Western propaganda.
Recommendations
Highlight as well as "block" Russian propaganda (RP).
Build the resilience of at-risk populations. Introduce media literacy preparation inward the teaching scheme to help Russian colinguists as well as others inward the portion ameliorate position mistaken tidings as well as other propagandist content. Consider launching a world information motility that tin to a greater extent than at nowadays learn media literacy to a majority audience.
Expand as well as improve local as well as master copy content to mail away the Russian media narrative. Empower social media as well as other activists inward the portion past times identifying cardinal influencers as well as offering a serial of programming geared to heighten their influence potential. Train journalists as well as fund the creation of choice media content.
Better enjoin the U.S., North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), as well as European Union (EU) story. The United States, NATO, as well as European Union should offering a compelling declaration for populations to align alongside the West or alongside private nation-states. NATO should likewise ameliorate communicate the utilisation as well as intent of its Enhanced Forward Presence units at nowadays stationed inward the Baltics.
- Track Russian media as well as develop analytic methods. Identify fake-news stories as well as their sources, sympathise Russian narrative themes as well as content, as well as sympathise the broader Russian strategy that underlies tactical propaganda messaging. In addition, utilisation resonance analysis to rail the impact as well as spread of RP as well as influence.
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