by Todd C. Helmus, Elizabeth Bodine-Baron, Andrew Radin, Madeline Magnuson, Joshua Mendelsohn, William Marcellino, Andriy Bega, Zev Winkelman
What are the critical ingredients to countering these campaigns?
A RAND Corporation study examined Russian-language content on social media as well as the broader propaganda threat posed to the portion of one-time Soviet states that include Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, and, to a lesser extent, Moldova as well as Belarus. In add-on to employing a state-funded multilingual tv set network, operating diverse Kremlin-supporting intelligence websites, as well as working through several constellations of Russia-backed "civil society" organizations, Russian Federation employs a sophisticated social media own that includes intelligence tweets, nonattributed comments on spider web pages, troll as well as bot social media accounts, as well as mistaken hashtag as well as Twitter campaigns. Nowhere is this threat to a greater extent than tangible than inwards Ukraine, which has been an active propaganda battleground since the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. Other countries inwards the portion expect at Russia's actions as well as annexation of Crimea as well as recognize the ask to pay careful attending to Russia's propaganda campaign.
To behavior this study, RAND researchers employed a mixed-methods approach that used careful quantitative analysis of social media information to empathise the ambit of Russian social media campaigns combined amongst interviews amongst regional experts as well as U.S. as well as North Atlantic Treaty Organization safety experts to empathise the critical ingredients to countering this campaign.
Key Findings
Russia's goals inwards its close abroad differ from those for farther-flung states
In the Baltics, Ukraine, as well as other nearby states, the Kremlin aims to drive wedges betwixt ethnic Russian or Russian-speaking populations as well as their host governments, NATO, as well as the European Union
Farther abroad, the Kremlin attempts to range policy paralysis yesteryear sowing confusion, stoking fears, as well as eroding trust inwards Western as well as democratic institutions.
Specific communities spread as well as speak over propaganda
RAND identified a Russian activist community on Twitter that consists of about 41,000 users who both swallow as well as disseminate anti-Ukraine, pro-Russia propaganda.
An opposing Ukrainian activist Twitter community too exists as well as consists of close 39,000 users spreading pro-Ukraine, anti-Russia content.
Broader challenges send upon counterpropaganda efforts inwards the region
The high presence of Russian-language populations inwards the portion who descend from Soviet-era migrants as well as whose host countries accept refused them citizenship gives Russian Federation a sympathetic audience.
Government policies prioritizing national languages accept express authorities outreach via the Russian language.
Russian broadcast media dominate inwards the region. Ukraine, however, has censored Russian authorities broadcasting as well as a pop Russian social media platform.
Social media activists, websites, intelligence sources, as well as others actively disseminate their ain pro-Russia propaganda content without obvious directly back upward from the Russian state.
The panoply of European Union, U.S., as well as North Atlantic Treaty Organization actors engaged inwards counterpropaganda efforts challenges coordination as well as synchronization.
Heavy-handed anti-Russia messaging could backfire inwards the region, given local skepticism of Western propaganda.
Recommendations
Highlight as well as "block" Russian propaganda (RP).
Build the resilience of at-risk populations. Introduce media literacy preparation inwards the pedagogy scheme to assist Russian colinguists as well as others inwards the portion meliorate position mistaken intelligence as well as other propagandist content. Consider launching a populace information own that tin to a greater extent than similar a shot learn media literacy to a majority audience.
Expand as well as improve local as well as master content to give the sack the Russian media narrative. Empower social media as well as other activists inwards the portion yesteryear identifying primal influencers as well as offering a serial of programming geared to heighten their influence potential. Train journalists as well as fund the creation of choice media content.
Better enjoin the U.S., North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), as well as European Union (EU) story. The United States, NATO, as well as European Union should offering a compelling declaration for populations to align amongst the West or amongst private nation-states. NATO should too meliorate communicate the live as well as intent of its Enhanced Forward Presence units at nowadays stationed inwards the Baltics.
Track Russian media as well as develop analytic methods. Identify fake-news stories as well as their sources, empathise Russian narrative themes as well as content, as well as empathise the broader Russian strategy that underlies tactical propaganda messaging. In addition, utilization resonance analysis to runway the impact as well as spread of RP as well as influence.
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