By: Sergey Sukhankin
Army General Valery Gerasimov, the primary of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, presented his reflections on hereafter conflicts, on March 24. Notably, he argued that “the enemy’s economic scheme together with command-and-control organization (C2) volition hold upwards priority targets [for potential Russian attacks].” And aside from traditional warfighting domains, Russian forces volition increasingly operate inward the information sphere together with outer infinite (Tvzvezda.ru, RIA Novosti, March 24; come across EDM, Apr 3).
Gerasimov outlined 5 practical steps Russian Federation needs to have got to hold upwards gear upwards for hereafter wars (TASS, March 24):
Develop an inter-service automated reconnaissance system. This should profoundly trim down the fourth dimension cycle for completing burn downward missions (by 2–2.5 times) together with increment the accuracy of targeting (by 1.5–2 times).
Improve the C2 structures. This tin hold upwards achieved through the creation of special informational back upwards sub-units together with reliance on advanced reckoner systems. Such developments would allow Russian forces to decrease the fourth dimension (by 1.5 times) required for combat readiness of long-range precision weapons. For this purpose, the Russian side is developing modern, integrated C2 inward a unmarried information space.
More broadly employ unmanned autonomous systems (UAS). This should include models based on “new physical principles” (beam, geophysical, genetic, psychophysical together with other technology—see EDM, Nov 29, 2016). According to Gerasimov, these are already beingness integrated into the Russian Armed Forces). The evolution of multi-function UAS’s volition enable the Russian side to comport out both reconnaissance (such as, for example, inward the Donbas portion of eastern Ukraine) together with strike missions.
Develop additional way of Electronic Warfare (EW) equally good equally farther elaborate anti-EW mechanisms. This is beingness dictated past times the extremely rapid mensuration of evolution of the branch. Russian troops are reportedly beingness equipped amongst the almost up-to-date EW systems, including aerospace assets, navigation systems together with digital radio communications (see EDM, July 19, 2017; September 8, 2017; November 7, 2017; December 5, 2017).
Prioritize precision weapons. Notably, hypersonic weapons (hailed past times Russian armed forces strategists) volition purportedly allow Russian Federation to shift the vast mass of its strategic armed forces deterrence from nuclear to conventional way (see EDM, October 14, 2016; March 8, 2018).
This vox communication past times Gerasimov shines a novel calorie-free on before remarks given past times Russian Minister of Defense Sergei Shoigu, inward which he stated that “very soon, the Russian Military Industrial Complex could launch production of armed forces robots on a large scale,” implying that Artificial Intelligence (AI) could before long partially assume responsibilities performed past times human soldiers. Addressing progress inward the domain of robotics together with AI, Shoigu specifically emphasized the sizable quantitative increment inward the number of UAS’s at the disposal of the Russian army, which “has grown from but 160 to, presently, 1,800 pieces” (TASS, March 15). Shoigu equally good noted that the Syrian sense has had a specially decisive role on the evolution of Russian UAS’s.
Robots together with other autonomous assets have got been especially useful inside the so-called Engineer Troops (ET), where a vast mass of plant concerned amongst de-installation of mine fields has been carried out amongst the attention of these devices. According to Russian sources, inward 2017, the ET received xviii build novel together with almost up-to-date pieces, which had been thoroughly tested inward Syrian Arab Republic (TASS, Jan 21). It is worth mentioning that, inward a Jan 2018 interview amongst the Russian paper Izvestia, the caput of the Engineer Troops, Lieutenant General Yuri Stavitsky, argued that robotization of the ET is i of the main strategic priorities for modernization of the Russian Army. He equally good emphasized that, then far, nineteen units of this type have got been created (Izvestia, Jan 19).
According to Stavitsky, the next UAS models have got proven their high bird of effectiveness during Russia’s Syrian Arab Republic stimulate (Izvestia, Jan 19):
“Uran-6” (a multi-functional, mine-clearing robotic system): capable of performing tasks dealing amongst mine-reconnaissance together with area-clearance operations past times detecting together with removing diverse explosive objects (including anti-personnel/tank mines). It is equipped amongst 4 video cameras, placed atop the robot amongst the possibility of a 360-degree champaign of view. The Uran-6 is capable of overcoming 1.2-meter-tall hindrances at a maximum speed of 5 kilometers per hour; together with it allows the operator to execute operations from a distance of upwards to a kilometer away, thus dramatically decreasing potential risks to human soldiers.
“Skarabei”: specially effective inward areas that cannot hold upwards easily accessed, including hush-hush tunnels together with wells. Merely xv centimeters high, the robot tin transmit images from a distance of to a greater extent than than 250 meters (which is the lower limit), together with is capable of operating inward hard terrain, including ruins. Moreover, it operates virtually without whatsoever noise, which significantly increases its value nether weather condition of urban fighting.
“Sfera” (wireless exploration device): scans the area, determining sources of noise/motion. Equipped amongst 4 cameras, a built-in monitor together with a microphone, it transmits video inside a hit of l meters. The device tin withstand a drib from a pinnacle of 5 meters together with is capable of operating inward temperatures that vary from -20 to +45 degrees Celsius.
The regulation of “asymmetricity” (see EDM, September 26, 2017), which has captured the minds of Russian armed forces strategists, especially later on Russia’s interest inward the Syrian civil war, looks to hold upwards expanding. Aside from previously indicated elements, electrical flow Russian strategy is forthwith beingness supplemented past times a growing reliance on the integrated job of AI together with EW equally a perceived “remedy” for improving Russia’s C2 capabilities (see EDM, Dec 5, 2017).
In their writing, armed forces scholars MacGregor Knox together with Williamson Murray, of the United States, debate that the Seventh Military Revolution volition hold upwards based on a combination of AI together with unmanned systems. Thus, hereafter wars volition hold upwards fought amongst the job of autonomous weapons, swarms of robotic vehicles, self-organizing defensive systems, automated weapons, large information analytics, equally good equally machine- together with deep-learning programs (MacGregor Knox together with Williamson Murray, eds., The Dynamics of Military Revolution, 1300–2050, 2001 equally cited inward Ssi.armywarcollege.edu, wintertime 2017)
But analysis of Russian literature on the dependent champaign (Cyberleninka.ru, accessed Apr 5) allows i to pinpoint an existing dichotomy betwixt Western researchers’ over-theorized reading of the phenomenon (the Autonomous Revolution) together with Russian (primarily, practice-oriented) efforts. Existing information suggests that the Western-coined Seventh Military Revolution concept is all the same to hold upwards fully applicable to Russia. Actual Russian technological capabilities (with the exception of or then notable achievements, which are all the same to evidence their effectiveness on a larger scale) should, therefore, hold upwards placed somewhere betwixt what Western authors construe equally the Information Revolution together with the to a greater extent than intensive Autonomous Revolution.
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