by Linda Robinson, Austin Long, Kimberly Jackson, Rebeca Orrie
How has successful alter previously occurred inward the U.S.A. Army, Joint, as well as U.S.A. Department of Defense policy regarding SOF? How tin dismiss these observations inform hereafter evolution of options for policymakers as well as to articulate ways inward which the varied Army Special Operations Forces capabilities tin dismiss aid to come across U.S.A. national safety objectives? How tin dismiss hereafter planning as well as execution past times the Army Special Operations Forces, the Army, as well as the articulation operations community hold upward informed past times an analysis of past times decisions?
This study examines major U.S.A. decisions related to the evolution or utilization of particular operations forces (SOF). The purpose of the study is to analyze how alter has previously occurred inward Army, Joint, as well as U.S.A. Department of Defense policy regarding SOF to inform hereafter evolution of options for policymakers as well as to improve articulate the ways inward which the varied Army Special Operations Forces capabilities tin dismiss aid to come across U.S.A. national safety objectives. The study aims to attention the particular operations community to improve sympathise the policy process; formulate appropriate, audio courses of action; as well as engage alongside other members of the U.S.A. authorities interagency community inward a constructive manner.
Thirteen cases are covered inward this report: (1) creation of sixth Army Special Reconnaissance Unit; (2) creation of the Office of Strategic Services; (3) creation of U.S.A. Army Special Forces; (4) particular forces expansion nether President Kennedy as well as contraction through the Vietnam War; (5) Central Intelligence Agency – SOF cooperation inward Southeast Asia, 1961–1975; (6) particular operations capabilities: creation of U.S.A. Special Operations Command as well as the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations as well as Low-Intensity Conflict; (7) particular operations capabilities post-9/11 SOF expansion; (8) particular mission unit of measurement expansion; (9) operational authorities as well as utilization of SOF: department 1208; (10) operational authorities as well as employment: the Global SOF Network initiative; (11) operational authorities as well as employment: irregular warfare directive; (12) operational authorities as well as employment: SOF as well as Plan Republic of Colombia operational authorities as well as employment; as well as (13) SOF back upward to Syrian fighters.
Key Findings
Common Factors That Affected the Decisions as well as Outcomes of the Cases Studied
Identify whether a propitious policy window exists.
Understand as well as leverage established processes to initiate proposals as well as pursue objectives.
A proposal is nigh probable to succeed if evolution is rigorous as well as its amount is externally validated.
Map stakeholders as well as comprise them from the commencement to solicit input as well as encourage buy-in.
Cultivate networks as well as advocates at all levels inward the stakeholder community.
Provide subject-matter expertise to Congress as well as prepare relationships alongside staff through authorized engagements.
Address bureaucratic rivalry alongside deliberate strategies that advance whole-of-government synergy as well as avoid zero-sum outcomes.
Pursue incremental alter equally role of a long-range plan.
Recommendations
Develop "plain English" explanations of particular operations terminology as well as narrative. Rather than money novel doctrinal terms, this study recommends using patently linguistic communication for broad audiences, inward detail relying on such readily understandable broad damage equally particular operations, indigenous as well as partnered approaches, as well as precision targeting.
Further prepare the human relationship betwixt SOF as well as the Central Intelligence Agency as well as reframe the bear of unconventional warfare (UW). H5N1 cooperative approach readily suggests itself, which is that these forces bask the greatest success if they combine efforts inward the bear of UW. The historical tape equally good suggests that nigh often, the President volition prefer to authorize a UW mission nether Title fifty authorities equally a covert functioning via a presidential finding.
Prepare SOF to interact at the policy level. Perhaps the nigh of import unmarried focus of attending for Army SOF, considering the effects it could get got for all other SOF activities, would hold upward revisions to its personnel, leader development, as well as instruction practices to permit, motivate, as well as leverage SOF interagency noesis as well as experience.
Emphasize pathways to invention as well as excellence. The nature of particular operations, alongside a premium on flexibility of formations as well as agility inward approaches, necessitates non exclusively innovative cloth solutions but innovative idea leadership.
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